Kwintsimi yonxibelelwano olungenazintambo, kunye nokuthandwa kwee-terminals ezihlakaniphile kunye nokukhula kokuqhuma kweemfuno zenkonzo yedatha, ukunqongophala kwemithombo ye-spectrum kuye kwaba yingxaki ekufuneka i-shishini liyisombulule ngokukhawuleza. Indlela yokwabiwa kwe-spectrum yemveli isekelwe ikakhulu kwiibhendi zefrikhwensi ezisisigxina, ezingabangeli nje inkcitho yemithombo, kodwa zinciphisa ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo komsebenzi womnatha. Ukuvela kwetekhnoloji yengqondo yerediyo ibonelela ngesisombululo soguqulo lokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kosetyenziso lwe-spectrum. Ngokubona okusingqongileyo kunye nohlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo losetyenziso lwe-spectrum, unomathotholo wokuqonda unokuqonda ulwabiwo olukrelekrele lwemithombo ye-spectrum. Nangona kunjalo, ukwabelana nge-spectrum kubo bonke abaqhubi kusajongene nemingeni emininzi ebonakalayo ngenxa yobunzima botshintshiselwano ngolwazi kunye nokuphazamiseka kolawulo.
Kulo mxholo, inethiwekhi yokufikelela kwiirediyo ezininzi (i-RAN) yomsebenzisi omnye ithathwa njengeyona meko ifanelekileyo yosetyenziso lwetekhnoloji yengqondo yerediyo. Ngokungafaniyo nokwabelana nge-spectrum kubo bonke abaqhubi, umsebenzisi omnye unokufezekisa ulwabiwo olusebenzayo lwemithombo ye-spectrum ngokwabelana ngolwazi olusondeleyo kunye nolawulo oluphakathi, ngelixa enciphisa ukuntsokotha kolawulo lophazamiseko. Le ndlela ayinakuphucula kuphela ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwenethiwekhi, kodwa ikwabonelela ngokunokwenzeka kulawulo oluhlakaniphile lwemithombo ye-spectrum.
Kwimo yenethiwekhi yomsebenzi omnye, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yerediyo yokuqonda kunokudlala indima enkulu. Okokuqala, ukwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwenethiwekhi kulula. Ekubeni zonke izikhululo zesiseko kunye neenode zokufikelela zilawulwa ngumqhubi ofanayo, inkqubo inokufumana ulwazi oluphambili njengendawo yesiseko sesikhululo, isimo sesiteshi, kunye nokuhanjiswa komsebenzisi ngexesha langempela. Le nkxaso yedatha ebanzi nechanekileyo ibonelela ngesiseko esithembekileyo solwabiwo lwe-spectrum eguqukayo.
Okwesibini, isixhobo esisembindini solungelelwaniso lwezixhobo sinokwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kosetyenziso lwe-spectrum. Ngokuzisa i-node yolawulo oluphakathi, abaqhubi banokuhlengahlengisa ngokuguquguqukayo isicwangciso solwabiwo lwe-spectrum ngokweemfuno zenethiwekhi yexesha langempela. Umzekelo, ngexesha leeyure ezixakekileyo, izibonelelo ezininzi ze-spectrum zingabelwa kwiindawo ezixineneyo zabasebenzisi kuqala, ngelixa kugcinwe ulwabiwo lwe-spectrum yoxinaniso olusezantsi kwezinye iindawo, ngaloo ndlela kuphunyezwe ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo eziguquguqukayo.
Ukongeza, ulawulo lokuphazamiseka ngaphakathi kumqhubi omnye lulula. Kuba zonke iinethiwekhi ziphantsi kolawulo lwesixokelelwano esifanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-spectrum kunokucwangciswa ngokufanayo ukunqanda uphazamiseko lweengxaki ezibangelwa kukungabikho kokulungelelaniswa kweendlela eziqhelekileyo zokwabelana nge-spectrum. Oku kufana akuphuculi nje kuphela uzinzo lwenkqubo, kodwa kukwabonelela nokwenzeka kokuphumeza izicwangciso ezintsonkothileyo zokucwangcisa i-spectrum.
Nangona imeko yesicelo sikanomathotholo yengqondo yomntu omnye ineengenelo ezibalulekileyo, imiceli mngeni yobugcisa emininzi kusafuneka yoyiswe. Eyokuqala kukuchaneka kwe-spectrum sensing. Itekhnoloji yerediyo yokuqonda kufuneka ibeke iliso kusetyenziso lwe-spectrum kwinethiwekhi ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye iphendule ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezintsonkothileyo ezingenazingcingo zinokukhokelela kulwazi olungachanekanga lobume betshaneli, oluchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kolwabiwo lwamaza. Kulo mba, ukuthembeka kunye nesantya sokuphendula sombono we-spectrum kunokuphuculwa ngokuzisa i-algorithms yokufunda ngomatshini.
Okwesibini kubunzima bokusasazwa kweendlela ezininzi kunye nolawulo lophazamiseko. Kwiimeko zabasebenzisi abaninzi, ukusasazwa kobuninzi bemiqondiso kunokukhokelela kungquzulwano kusetyenziso lwe-spectrum. Ngokwandisa imodeli yophazamiseko kunye nokwazisa indlela yonxibelelwano lwentsebenziswano, impembelelo engalunganga yosasazo lwe-multipath kulwabiwo lwe-spectrum inokuncitshiswa ngakumbi.
Eyokugqibela kubunzima bokubala kolwabiwo lwe-dynamic spectrum. Kwinethiwekhi enkulu yomsebenzi omnye, ukulungelelaniswa kwexesha langempela lokwabiwa kwe-spectrum kufuna ukucubungula inani elikhulu ledatha. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-architecture ye-computing esasaziweyo inokwamkelwa ukubola umsebenzi wolwabiwo lwe-spectrum kwisikhululo ngasinye esisisiseko, ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-computing ephakathi.
Ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yengqondo kanomathotholo kuthungelwano lofikelelo lukanomathotholo olunanomathotholo omnye akunako nje ukuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kakuhle kobutyebi be-spectrum, kodwa kukwabeka isiseko solawulo lothungelwano olukrelekrele lwexesha elizayo. Kwiinkalo zekhaya elihlakaniphile, ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, i-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi yeZinto, njl., Ulwabiwo olusebenzayo lwe-spectrum kunye neenkonzo zenethiwekhi ezisezantsi ziyimfuneko ebalulekileyo. Itekhnoloji yengqondo yerediyo yomsebenzi omnye ibonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa efanelekileyo kwezi meko ngolawulo olusebenzayo lwezixhobo kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lophazamiseko.
Kwixesha elizayo, ngokukhuthazwa kweenethiwekhi ze-5G kunye ne-6G kunye nokusetyenziswa okunzulu kobuchwepheshe be-intelligence intelligence, iteknoloji yolwazi lwerediyo yomqhubi omnye kulindeleke ukuba iphuculwe ngakumbi. Ngokuzisa ii-algorithms ezikrelekrele ngakumbi, ezifana nokufunda nzulu kunye nokufunda okomeleza, ulwabiwo olufanelekileyo lwemithombo ye-spectrum inokufezekiswa kwindawo enzima ngakumbi yenethiwekhi. Ukongezelela, ngokunyuka kweemfuno zonxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo, inethiwekhi yokufikelela kwiirediyo ezininzi zomqhubi omnye inokukwandiswa ukuxhasa unxibelelwano lweendlela ezininzi kunye nokunxibelelana ngokubambisana phakathi kwezixhobo, ukuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi.
Ulawulo olukrelekrele lwemithombo ye-spectrum sisihloko esiphambili kwinkalo yonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. Itekhnoloji yerediyo yengqondo yomsebenzi omnye ibonelela ngendlela entsha yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kosetyenziso lwe-spectrum ngokulula kwayo ukwabelana ngolwazi, ukusebenza kakuhle kolungelelwaniso lwezibonelelo, kunye nokulawulwa kolawulo lophazamiseko. Nangona imiceli mngeni yobugcisa emininzi kusafuneka koyiswe kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, iingenelo zayo ezizodwa kunye nemibono ebanzi yosetyenziso iyenza ibe ngumkhombandlela obalulekileyo wophuhliso lonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo lwexesha elizayo. Kwinkqubo yophononongo oluqhubekayo kunye nokuphucula, obu buchwepheshe buza kunceda unxibelelwano olungenazingcingo luye kwikamva elisebenzayo nelikrelekrele.
(Icatshulwe kwi-Intanethi, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ukuze ucinywe ukuba kukho naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho)
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-20-2024
